std::replace_copy, std::replace_copy_if

From cppreference.com
< cpplrm; | algorithm
Algorithm library
Execution policies (C++17)
Non-modifying sequence operations
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
(C++17)
Modifying sequence operations
Operations on uninitialized storage
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
(C++11)
Binary search operations
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
(C++11)
Minimum/maximum operations
(C++11)
(C++17)
Permutations
Numeric operations
C library
Defined in header <algorithm>
(1)
template< class InputIt, class OutputIt, class T >

OutputIt replace_copy( InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first,

const T& old_value, const T& new_value );
(until C++20)
template< class InputIt, class OutputIt, class T >

constexpr OutputIt replace_copy( InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first,

const T& old_value, const T& new_value );
(since C++20)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2, class T >

ForwardIt2 replace_copy( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,

ForwardIt2 d_first, const T& old_value, const T& new_value );
(2) (since C++17)
(3)
template< class InputIt, class OutputIt, class UnaryPredicate, class T >

OutputIt replace_copy_if( InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first,

UnaryPredicate p, const T& new_value );
(until C++20)
template< class InputIt, class OutputIt, class UnaryPredicate, class T >

constexpr OutputIt replace_copy_if( InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first,

UnaryPredicate p, const T& new_value );
(since C++20)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2, class UnaryPredicate, class T >

ForwardIt2 replace_copy_if( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,

ForwardIt2 d_first, UnaryPredicate p, const T& new_value );
(4) (since C++17)

Copies the all elements from the range [first, last) to another range beginning at d_first replacing all elements satisfying specific criteria with new_value. The source and destination ranges cannot overlap.

1) Replaces all elements that are equal to old_value.
3) Replaces all elements for which predicate p returns true.
2,4) Same as (1,3), but executed according to policy. This overload only participates in overload resolution if std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true

Parameters

first, last - the range of elements to copy
d_first - the beginning of the destination range
old_value - the value of elements to replace
policy - the execution policy to use. See execution policy for details.
p - unary predicate which returns true if the element value should be replaced.

The signature of the predicate function should be equivalent to the following:

bool pred(const Type &a);

The signature does not need to have const &, but the function must not modify the objects passed to it.
The type Type must be such that an object of type InputIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type.

new_value - the value to use as replacement
Type requirements
-
InputIt must meet the requirements of InputIterator.
-
OutputIt must meet the requirements of OutputIterator.
-
ForwardIt1, ForwardIt2 must meet the requirements of ForwardIterator.

Return value

Iterator to the element past the last element copied.

Complexity

Exactly last - first applications of the predicate.

Exceptions

The overloads with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy report errors as follows:

  • If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception and ExecutionPolicy is one of the three standard policies, std::terminate is called. For any other ExecutionPolicy, the behavior is implementation-defined.
  • If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.

Possible implementation

First version
template<class InputIt, class OutputIt, class T>
OutputIt replace_copy(InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first,
                      const T& old_value, const T& new_value)
{
    for (; first != last; ++first) {
        *d_first++ = (*first == old_value) ? new_value : *first;
    }
    return d_first;
}
Second version
template<class InputIt, class OutputIt, 
         class UnaryPredicate, class T>
OutputIt replace_copy_if(InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first,
                         UnaryPredicate p, const T& new_value)
{
    for (; first != last; ++first) {
        *d_first++ = p( *first ) ? new_value : *first;
    }
    return d_first;
}

Example

The following copy prints a vector, replacing all values over 5 with 99 on the fly.

#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <functional>

int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v{5, 7, 4, 2, 8, 6, 1, 9, 0, 3};
    std::replace_copy_if(v.begin(), v.end(),
                         std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "),
                         [](int n){return n > 5;}, 99);
    std::cout << '\n';
}

Output:

5 99 4 2 99 99 1 99 0 3

See also

removes elements satisfying specific criteria
(function template)