C++ language

C++

Language

Headers

Freestanding and hosted implementations

Named requirements

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Diagnostics library

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Algorithms library

Iterators library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

Filesystem library (C++17)

Technical Specifications

C++ language

General topics
Preprocessor Comments	Keywords Escape sequences
Flow control
Conditional execution statements
if	switch
Iteration statements (loops)
for range-for (C++11)	while do-while
Jump statements
continue - break	goto - return
Functions
Function declaration
Lambda function declaration
inline specifier
Exception specifications (deprecated)
noexcept specifier (C++11)
Exceptions
throw-expression	try-catch block
Namespaces
Namespace declaration	Namespace aliases
Types
Fundamental types Enumeration types Function types	Compound types Union types
Specifiers
decltype (C++11) auto (C++11) alignas (C++11)	const/volatile constexpr (C++11)
Storage duration specifiers
Initialization
Default initialization Value initialization Zero initialization Copy initialization Direct initialization	Aggregate initialization List initialization (C++11) Constant initialization Reference initialization

Expressions
Value categories Order of evaluation	Operators Operator precedence
Alternative representations
Literals
Boolean - Integer - Floating-point
Character - String - nullptr (C++11)
User-defined (C++11)
Utilities
Attributes (C++11)
Types
typedef declaration
Type alias declaration (C++11)
Casts
Implicit conversions - Explicit conversions
static_cast - dynamic_cast
const_cast - reinterpret_cast
Memory allocation
new expression	delete expression
Classes
Class declaration Initializer lists this pointer	Access specifiers friend specifier
Class-specific function properties
Virtual function override specifier (C++11) final specifier (C++11)	explicit (C++11) static
Special member functions
Default constructor Copy constructor Move constructor (C++11)	Copy assignment Move assignment (C++11) Destructor
Templates
Class template Function template	Template specialization Parameter packs (C++11)
Miscellaneous
Inline assembly	History of C++

This is a reference of the core C++ language constructs.

Basic concepts Comments ASCII chart Names and identifiers Types - Fundamental types Object - Scope - Lifetime Definitions and ODR Name lookup qualified - unqualified As-if rule Undefined behavior Memory model and data races Phases of translation The main() function C++ Keywords Preprocessor #if - #ifdef - #ifndef #define - # - ## - #include #error - #pragma - #line Expressions Value categories Evaluation order and sequencing Constant expressions Operators assignment - arithmetic increment and decrement logical - comparison member access and indirection call, comma, ternary sizeof - alignof(C++11) new - delete - typeid Operator overloading Default comparisons(C++20) Operator precedence Conversions implicit - explicit - user-defined static_cast - dynamic_cast const_cast - reinterpret_cast Literals boolean - integer - floating character - string nullptr(C++11) user-defined (C++11)

Declaration Namespace declaration Namespace alias Lvalue and rvalue references Pointers - Arrays Structured bindings(C++17) Enumerations and enumerators Storage duration and linkage Language linkage Inline assembly const/volatile-constexpr(C++11) decltype(C++11) - auto(C++11) alignas(C++11) typedef - Type alias(C++11) Elaborated type specifiers Attributes(C++11) static_assert(C++11) Initialization Default initialization Value initialization(C++03) Copy initialization Direct initialization Aggregate initialization List initialization(C++11) Reference initialization Static non-local initialization zero - constant Dynamic non-local initialization ordered - unordered Copy elision Functions Function declaration Default arguments Variadic arguments Lambda expression(C++11) inline specifier Argument-dependent lookup Overload resolution Operator overloading Address of an overload set Statements if - switch for - range-for(C++11) while - do-while continue - break - goto - return synchronized and atomic(TM TS)

Classes Class types - Union types injected-class-name Data members - Member functions Static members - Nested classes Derived class - using-declaration Empty base optimization Virtual function - Abstract class override(C++11) - final(C++11) Member access - friend Bit fields - The this pointer Constructors and member initializer lists Default constructor - Destructor Copy constructor - Copy assignment Move constructor(C++11) - Move assignment(C++11) Converting constructor - explicit specifier Templates Template parameters and arguments Class template - Function template Class member template Variable template(C++14) Template argument deduction Explicit specialization Class template argument deduction(C++17) Partial specialization Parameter packs(C++11) - sizeof...(C++11) Fold-expressions(C++17) Dependent names - SFINAE Constraints and concepts (C++20) Exceptions throw-expression try-catch block function-try-block noexcept specifier(C++11) noexcept operator(C++11) Dynamic exception specification(until C++17) Miscellaneous History of C++ Extending the namespace std Acronyms Idioms Resource acquisition is initialization Rule of three/five/zero Pointer to implementation