std::static_pointer_cast, std::dynamic_pointer_cast, std::const_pointer_cast, std::reinterpret_pointer_cast

From cppreference.com
< cpplrm; | memorylrm; | shared ptr
Dynamic memory management
Uninitialized storage
(C++17)
Garbage collection support
Miscellaneous
(C++20)
(C++11)
(C++11)
C Library
Low level memory management
Defined in header <memory>
template< class T, class U >
std::shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept;
(1) (since C++11)
template< class T, class U >
std::shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept;
(2) (since C++11)
template< class T, class U >
std::shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept;
(3) (since C++11)
template< class T, class U >
std::shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept;
(4) (since C++17)

Creates a new instance of std::shared_ptr whose stored pointer is obtained from r's stored pointer using a cast expression. If r is empty, so is the new shared_ptr (but its stored pointer is not necessarily null).

Otherwise, the new shared_ptr will share ownership with r, except that it is empty if the dynamic_cast performed by dynamic_pointer_cast returns a null pointer.

Let Y be typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type, then the resulting std::shared_ptr's stored pointer will be obtained by evaluating, respectively:

1) static_cast<Y*>(r.get()).
2) dynamic_cast<Y*>(r.get()) (If the result of the dynamic_cast is a null pointer value, the returned shared_ptr will be empty.)
3) const_cast<Y*>(r.get()).
4) reinterpret_cast<Y*>(r.get())

The behavior of these functions is undefined unless the corresponding cast from U* to T* is well formed:

1) The behavior is undefined unless static_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr) is well formed.
2) The behavior is undefined unless dynamic_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr) is well formed.
3) The behavior is undefined unless const_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr) is well formed.
4) The behavior is undefined unless reinterpret_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr) is well formed.

Parameters

r - The pointer to convert

Notes

The expressions std::shared_ptr<T>(static_cast<T*>(r.get())), std::shared_ptr<T>(dynamic_cast<T*>(r.get())) and std::shared_ptr<T>(const_cast<T*>(r.get())) might seem to have the same effect, but they all will likely result in undefined behavior, attempting to delete the same object twice!

Possible implementation

First version
template< class T, class U > 
std::shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept
{
    auto p = static_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get());
    return std::shared_ptr<T>(r, p);
}
Second version
template< class T, class U > 
std::shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept
{
    if (auto p = dynamic_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get())) {
        return std::shared_ptr<T>(r, p);
    } else {
        return std::shared_ptr<T>();
    }
}
Third version
template< class T, class U > 
std::shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept
{
    auto p = const_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get());
    return std::shared_ptr<T>(r, p);
}
Fourth version
template< class T, class U > 
std::shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept
{
    auto p = reinterpret_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get());
    return std::shared_ptr<T>(r, p);
}

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

struct Base 
{ 
    int a; 
    virtual void f() const { std::cout << "I am base!\n";}
    virtual ~Base(){}
};

struct Derived : Base
{
    void f() const override
    { std::cout << "I am derived!\n"; }
    ~Derived(){}
};

int main(){
    auto basePtr = std::make_shared<Base>();
    std::cout << "Base pointer says: ";
    basePtr->f();

    auto derivedPtr = std::make_shared<Derived>();
    std::cout << "Derived pointer says: ";
    derivedPtr->f();

    // static_pointer_cast to go up class hierarchy
    basePtr = std::static_pointer_cast<Base>(derivedPtr);
    std::cout << "Base pointer to derived says: ";
    basePtr->f();

    // dynamic_pointer_cast to go down/across class hierarchy
    auto downcastedPtr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Derived>(basePtr);
    if(downcastedPtr)
    { 
        std::cout << "Downcasted pointer says: ";
        downcastedPtr->f(); 
    }

    // All pointers to derived share ownership
    std::cout << "Pointers to underlying derived: " 
            << derivedPtr.use_count() 
            << "\n"; 
}

Output:

Base pointer says: I am base!
Derived pointer says: I am derived!
Base pointer to derived says: I am derived!
Downcasted pointer says: I am derived!
Pointers to underlying derived: 3

See also

constructs new shared_ptr
(public member function)