std::memcmp

C++

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Concepts library (C++20)

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Technical Specifications

Strings library

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Classes

basic_string

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Functions
Character manipulation
isalnum isalpha islower isupper isdigit isxdigit isblank (C++11)	iscntrl isgraph isspace isprint ispunct tolower toupper
Conversions to numeric formats
atof atoiatolatoll (C++11) strtolstrtoll (C++11)	strtoulstrtoull (C++11) strtofstrtodstrtold (C++11)(C++11) strtoimaxstrtouimax (C++11)(C++11)
String manipulation
strcpy
strncpy
strcat
strncat
strxfrm
String examination
strlen strcmp strncmp strcoll strchr strrchr	strspn strcspn strpbrk strstr strtok
Memory manipulation
memchr
memcmp
memset
memcpy
memmove
Miscellaneous
strerror

Defined in header <cstring>
int memcmp( const void* lhs, const void* rhs, std::size_t count );

Reinterprets the objects pointed to by lhs and rhs as arrays of unsigned char and compares the first count characters of these arrays. The comparison is done lexicographically.

The sign of the result is the sign of the difference between the values of the first pair of bytes (both interpreted as unsigned char) that differ in the objects being compared.

Parameters

lhs, rhs	-	pointers to the memory buffers to compare
count	-	number of bytes to examine

Return value

Negative value if the first differing byte (reinterpreted as unsigned char) in lhs is less than the corresponding byte in rhs.

0 if all count bytes of lhs and rhs are equal.

Positive value if the first differing byte in lhs is greater than the corresponding byte in rhs.

Notes

This function reads object representations, not the object values, and is typically only meaningful for trivially-copyable objects with no padding. For example, memcmp() between two objects of type std::string or std::vector will not compare their contents, and memcmp() between two objects of type struct{char c; int n;} will compare the padding bytes whose values may differ when the values of c and n are the same.

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>

void demo(const char* lhs, const char* rhs, std::size_t sz)
{
    std::cout << std::string(lhs, sz);
    int rc = std::memcmp(lhs, rhs, sz);
    if(rc == 0)
        std::cout << " compares equal to ";
    else if(rc < 0)
        std::cout << " precedes ";
    else if(rc > 0)
        std::cout << " follows ";
    std::cout << std::string(rhs, sz) << " in lexicographical order\n";
}

int main()
{
    char a1[] = {'a','b','c'};
    char a2[sizeof a1] = {'a','b','d'};

    demo(a1, a2, sizeof a1);
    demo(a2, a1, sizeof a1);
    demo(a1, a1, sizeof a1);
}

Output:

abc precedes abd in lexicographical order
abd follows abc in lexicographical order
abc compares equal to abc in lexicographical order

See also

strcmp	compares two strings (function)
strncmp	compares a certain number of characters from two strings (function)