Standard library header <exception>

C++

Language

Headers

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Named requirements

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Diagnostics library

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Algorithms library

Iterators library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

Filesystem library (C++17)

Technical Specifications

Standard Library header files

Language Support
<cstddef> <limits> <climits> <contract>	<cfloat> <cstdint> <new> <version>	<typeinfo> <exception> <initializer_list>	<csignal> <csetjmp> <cstdarg>
Concepts
<concepts>
Diagnostics
<stdexcept>	<cassert>	<cerrno>	<system_error>
General utilities
<utility> <memory> <memory_resource> <scoped_allocator> <compare>	<bitset> <tuple> <optional> <any> <variant>	<type_traits> <ratio> <chrono> <typeindex> <functional>	<ctime> <cstdlib>
Strings
<string> <string_view>	<cctype> <cwctype>	<cwchar> <cuchar>	<cstring> <charconv>
Localization
<locale>	<codecvt>	<clocale>
Containers
<span> <array> <vector>	<deque> <forward_list> <list>	<map> <set> <queue>	<unordered_map> <unordered_set> <stack>
Iterators
<iterator>
Algorithms
<algorithm>	<execution>
Numerics
<complex> <random>	<valarray> <numeric>	<cfenv> <cmath>	<bit>
Input/Output
<iosfwd> <ios> <iomanip> <streambuf>	<istream> <ostream> <iostream>	<sstream> <fstream> <syncstream>	<cstdio> <cinttypes> <strstream>
Regular expressions
<regex>
Filesystem support
<filesystem>
Thread support
<thread> <atomic>	<mutex> <shared_mutex>	<condition_variable> <future>
C compatibility
<ciso646> <cstdalign>	<cstdbool> <ccomplex>	<ctgmath>

This header is part of the error handling library.

Classes
exception	base class for exceptions thrown by the standard library components (class)
nested_exception (C++11)	a mixin type to capture and store current exceptions (class)
bad_exception	exception thrown when std::current_exception fails to copy the exception object (class)
Typedefs
unexpected_handler (removed in C++17)	the type of the function called by std::unexpected (typedef)
terminate_handler	the type of the function called by std::terminate (typedef)
exception_ptr (C++11)	shared pointer type for handling exception objects (typedef)
Functions
unexpected (removed in C++17)	function called when dynamic exception specification is violated (function)
uncaught_exceptionuncaught_exceptions (deprecated in c++17)(removed in C++20)(C++17)	checks if exception handling is currently in progress (function)
make_exception_ptr (C++11)	creates an std::exception_ptr from an exception object (function template)
current_exception (C++11)	captures the current exception in a std::exception_ptr (function)
rethrow_exception (C++11)	throws the exception from an std::exception_ptr (function)
throw_with_nested (C++11)	throws its argument with std::nested_exception mixed in (function template)
rethrow_if_nested (C++11)	throws the exception from a std::nested_exception (function template)
terminate	function called when exception handling fails (function)
get_terminate (C++11)	obtains the current terminate_handler (function)
set_terminate	changes the function to be called by std::terminate (function)
get_unexpected (C++11)(removed in C++17)	obtains the current unexpected_handler (function)
set_unexpected (removed in C++17)	changes the function to be called by std::unexpected (function)

Synopsis

namespace std {
    class exception;
    class bad_exception;
    class nested_exception;

    typedef void (*unexpected_handler)();
    unexpected_handler get_unexpected() noexcept;
    unexpected_handler set_unexpected(unexpected_handler f) noexcept;
    [[noreturn]] void unexpected();

    typedef void (*terminate_handler)();
    terminate_handler get_terminate() noexcept;
    terminate_handler set_terminate(terminate_handler f) noexcept;
    [[noreturn]] void terminate() noexcept;

    bool uncaught_exception() noexcept;

    typedef /*unspecified*/ exception_ptr;

    exception_ptr current_exception() noexcept;
    [[noreturn]] void rethrow_exception(exception_ptr p);
    template<class E> exception_ptr make_exception_ptr(E e) noexcept;

    [[noreturn]] template <class T> void throw_with_nested(T&& t);
    template <class E> void rethrow_if_nested(const E& e);
}

Class std::exception

class exception {
public:
    exception() noexcept;
    exception(const exception&) noexcept;
    exception& operator=(const exception&) noexcept;
    virtual ~exception();
    virtual const char* what() const noexcept;
};

Class std::bad_exception

class bad_exception : public exception {
public:
    bad_exception() noexcept;
    bad_exception(const bad_exception&) noexcept;
    bad_exception& operator=(const bad_exception&) noexcept;
    virtual const char* what() const noexcept;
};

Class std::nested_exception

class nested_exception {
public:
    nested_exception() noexcept;
    nested_exception(const nested_exception&) noexcept = default;
    nested_exception& operator=(const nested_exception&) noexcept = default;
    virtual ~nested_exception() = default;

    // access functions
    [[noreturn]] void rethrow_nested() const;
    exception_ptr nested_ptr() const noexcept;
};

See Also

• Error handling