std::chrono::operator<< (std::chrono::duration)

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std::chrono::duration

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duration::duration
duration::operator=
duration::count
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duration::operator++duration::operator--
duration::operator+=duration::operator-=duration::operator*=duration::operator/=duration::operator%=
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operator+operator-operator*operator/operator% operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>= operator<< (C++20) to_stream (C++20)	common_type duration_cast floor (C++17) ceil (C++17) round (C++17) abs (C++17) operator""h (C++14) operator""min (C++14) operator""s (C++14) operator""ms (C++14) operator""us (C++14) operator""ns (C++14) from_stream (C++20)
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treat_as_floating_point duration_values

Defined in header <chrono>
template <class CharT, class Traits, class Rep, class Period> std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& operator<<(std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& os, const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& d);		(since C++20)

Inserts a textual representation of d into os. The behavior is undefined if CharT is neither char or wchar_t, or if Rep is neither a floating-point type nor a integral type with conversion rank equal to or greater than short.

Behaves as if it forms a std::basic_string<CharT, Traits> str initially consisting of the characters in std::to_string(d.count()) (if CharT is char) or std::to_wstring(d.count()) (if CharT is wchar_t). Appends to str a suffix based on Period::type according to the following table, and inserts str into the stream with os << str;.

Period::type	Suffix
std::atto	as
std::femto	fs
std::pico	ps
std::nano	ns
std::micro	s (U+00B5)
std::milli	ms
std::centi	cs
std::deci	ds
std::ratio<1>	s
std::deca	das
std::hecto	hs
std::kilo	ks
std::mega	Ms
std::giga	Gs
std::tera	Ts
std::peta	Ps
std::exa	Es
std::ratio<60>	min
std::ratio<3600>	h
None of the above, and Period::type::den == 1	[num]s
None of the above	[num/den]s

For std::micro, if the character (U+00B5) cannot be represented in the encoding used for CharT, the suffix "us" is used instead.

For the last two rows of the table, num and den in the suffix are Period::type::num and Period::type::den formatted as a decimal number with no leading zeroes, respectively.

Return value

A reference to the stream, i.e., os.

Notes

d.count() is formatted using the rules of std::to_string/std::to_wstring. In particular, if Rep is a floating-point type, it is always formatted with 6 digits after the decimal point, and the number of significant digits in the resulting string may be zero if d.count() is small.

See also

to_stream (C++20)	outputs a duration into a stream according to the provided format (function template)
operator<<operator>>	performs stream input and output on strings (function template)
to_string (C++11)	converts an integral or floating point value to string (function)
to_wstring (C++11)	converts an integral or floating point value to wstring (function)