std::modf

C++

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Common mathematical functions

Functions
Basic operations
abs(int)labsllabsimaxabs (C++11) abs(float)fabs divldivlldivimaxdiv (C++11) fmod	remainder (C++11) remquo (C++11) fma (C++11) fmax (C++11) fmin (C++11) fdim (C++11) nannanfnanl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
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exp exp2 (C++11) expm1 (C++11)	log log10 log1p (C++11) log2 (C++11)
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sqrt cbrt (C++11)	hypot (C++11) pow
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sin cos tan asin acos atan atan2	sinh cosh tanh asinh (C++11) acosh (C++11) atanh (C++11)

Error and gamma functions
erf (C++11) erfc (C++11)	lgamma (C++11) tgamma (C++11)
Nearest integer floating point operations
ceil floor roundlroundllround (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	trunc (C++11) nearbyint (C++11) rintlrintllrint (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
Floating point manipulation functions
ldexp scalbnscalbln (C++11)(C++11) ilogb (C++11) logb (C++11)	frexp modf nextafternexttoward (C++11)(C++11) copysign (C++11)
Classification/Comparison
fpclassify (C++11) isfinite (C++11) isinf (C++11) isnan (C++11) isnormal (C++11) signbit (C++11)	isgreater (C++11) isgreaterequal (C++11) isless (C++11) islessequal (C++11) islessgreater (C++11) isunordered (C++11)
Macro constants
HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C++11)(C++11) INFINITY (C++11) NAN (C++11) math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT (C++11)	FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)

Defined in header <cmath>
float modf( float x, float* iptr );	(1)
double modf( double x, double* iptr );	(2)
long double modf( long double x, long double* iptr );	(3)

1-3) Decomposes given floating point value x into integral and fractional parts, each having the same type and sign as x. The integral part (in floating-point format) is stored in the object pointed to by iptr.

Parameters

x	-	floating point value
iptr	-	pointer to floating point value to store the integral part to

Return value

If no errors occur, returns the fractional part of x with the same sign as x. The integral part is put into the value pointed to by iptr.

The sum of the returned value and the value stored in *iptr gives x (allowing for rounding)

Error handling

This function is not subject to any errors specified in math_errhandling

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

• If x is 0, 0 is returned, and 0 is stored in *iptr.
• If x is , 0 is returned, and is stored in *iptr.
• If x is NaN, NaN is returned, and NaN is stored in *iptr.
• The returned value is exact, the current rounding mode is ignored

Notes

This function behaves as if implemented as follows:

double modf(double x, double* iptr)
{
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
    int save_round = std::fegetround();
    std::fesetround(FE_TOWARDZERO);
    *iptr = std::nearbyint(x);
    std::fesetround(save_round);
    return std::copysign(std::isinf(x) ? 0.0 : x - (*iptr), x);
}

Example

Compares different floating-point decomposition functions

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>

int main()
{
    double f = 123.45;
    std::cout << "Given the number " << f << " or " << std::hexfloat
              << f << std::defaultfloat << " in hex,\n";

    double f3;
    double f2 = std::modf(f, &f3);
    std::cout << "modf() makes " << f3 << " + " << f2 << '\n';

    int i;
    f2 = std::frexp(f, &i);
    std::cout << "frexp() makes " << f2 << " * 2^" << i << '\n';

    i = std::ilogb(f);
    std::cout << "logb()/ilogb() make " << f/std::scalbn(1.0, i) << " * "
              << std::numeric_limits<double>::radix
              << "^" << std::ilogb(f) << '\n';

    // special values
    f2 = std::modf(-0.0, &f3);
    std::cout << "modf(-0) makes " << f3 << " + " << f2 << '\n';
    f2 = std::modf(-INFINITY, &f3);
    std::cout << "modf(-Inf) makes " << f3 << " + " << f2 << '\n';

}

Possible output:

Given the number 123.45 or 0x1.edccccccccccdp+6 in hex,
modf() makes 123 + 0.45
frexp() makes 0.964453 * 2^7
logb()/ilogb() make 1.92891 * 2^6
modf(-0) makes -0 + -0
modf(-Inf) makes -INF + -0

See also

trunc (C++11)

nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value (function)