std::collate::hash, std::collate::do_hash

C++

Language

Headers

Freestanding and hosted implementations

Named requirements

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Diagnostics library

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Algorithms library

Iterators library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

Filesystem library (C++17)

Technical Specifications

Localizations library

Locales and facets
locale
use_facet	has_facet
Character classification
isspace isblank (C++11) iscntrl isupper islower isalpha	isdigit ispunct isxdigit isalnum isprint isgraph
Conversions
toupper tolower	wstring_convert (C++11) wbuffer_convert (C++11)
Facet category base classes
ctype_base codecvt_base messages_base	time_base money_base
Facet categories
ctype ctype<char> codecvt collate messages time_get time_put	num_get num_put numpunct money_get money_put moneypunct
Locale-specific facets
ctype_byname codecvt_byname messages_byname collate_byname	time_get_byname time_put_byname numpunct_byname moneypunct_byname
Code conversion facets
codecvt_utf8 (C++11) codecvt_utf16 (C++11)	codecvt_utf8_utf16 (C++11) codecvt_mode (C++11)
C locale
setlocale localeconv lconv	LC_ALLLC_COLLATELC_CTYPELC_MONETARYLC_NUMERICLC_TIME

std::collate

Member functions

collate::collate

collate::~collate

collate::comparecollate::do_compare

collate::transformcollate::do_transform

collate::hashcollate::do_hash

Defined in header <locale>
public: long hash( const CharT* beg, const CharT* end ) const;	(1)
protected: virtual long do_hash( const CharT* beg, const CharT* end ) const;	(2)

1) Public member function, calls the protected virtual member function do_hash of the most derived class.

2) Converts the character sequence [beg, end) to an integer value that is equal to the hash obtained for all strings that collate equivalent in this locale (compare() returns 0). For two strings that do not collate equivalent, the probability that their hashes are equal should be very small, approaching 1.0/std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max().

Parameters

beg	-	pointer to the first character in the sequence to hash
end	-	one past the end pointer for the sequence to hash

Return value

The hash value that respects collation order

Note

The system-supplied locales normally do not collate two strings as equivalent (compare() does not return 0) if basic_string::operator== returns false, but a user-installed std::collate facet may provide different collation rules, for example, it may treat strings as equivalent if they have the same Unicode normalized form.

Example

Demonstrates a locale-aware unordered container

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <locale>
#include <unordered_set>

struct CollateHash {
    template<typename CharT>
    std::size_t operator()(const std::basic_string<CharT>& s) const
    {
        return std::use_facet<std::collate<CharT>>(std::locale()).hash(
                   &s[0], &s[0] + s.size()
               );
    }
};
struct CollateEq {
    template<typename CharT>
    bool operator()(const std::basic_string<CharT>& s1,
                    const std::basic_string<CharT>& s2) const
    {
        return std::use_facet<std::collate<CharT>>(std::locale()).compare(
                     &s1[0], &s1[0] + s1.size(),
                     &s2[0], &s2[0] + s2.size()
               ) == 0;
    }
};

int main()
{
    std::locale::global(std::locale("en_US.utf8"));
    std::wcout.imbue(std::locale());

    std::unordered_set<std::wstring, CollateHash, CollateEq> s2 = {L"Foo", L"Bar"};
    for(auto& str: s2)
        std::wcout << str << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
}

Possible output:

Bar Foo

See also

std::hash<std::string>std::hash<std::u16string>std::hash<std::u32string>std::hash<std::wstring>std::hash<std::pmr::string>std::hash<std::pmr::u16string>std::hash<std::pmr::u32string>std::hash<std::pmr::wstring> (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

hash support for strings (class template specialization)