std::ranges::views::zip, std::ranges::zip_view

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Ranges library
Range access
Range conversions
(C++23)
Range primitives



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Helper items
(until C++23)(C++23)


 
 
Defined in header <ranges>
template< ranges::input_range... Views >

    requires (ranges::view<Views> && ...) && (sizeof...(Views) > 0)

class zip_view : public ranges::view_interface<zip_view<Views...>>
(1) (since C++23)
namespace views {

    inline constexpr /*unspecified*/ zip = /*unspecified*/;

}
(2) (since C++23)
Call signature
template< ranges::viewable_range... Rs >

    requires /* see below */

constexpr auto zip( Rs&&... rs );
(since C++23)
1) zip_view is a range adaptor that takes one or more views, and produces a view whose ith element is a tuple-like value consisting of the ith elements of all views. The size of produced view is the minimum of sizes of all adapted views.
2) views::zip is a customization point object.

When calling with no argument, views::zip() is expression-equivalent to auto(views::empty<std::tuple<>>).

Otherwise, views::zip(rs...) is expression-equivalent to ranges::zip_view<views::all_t<decltype((rs))>...>(rs...).

zip_view always models input_range, and models forward_range, bidirectional_range, random_access_range, or sized_range if all adapted view types model the corresponding concept.

zip_view models common_range if

Customization point objects

The name views::zip denotes a customization point object, which is a const function object of a literal semiregular class type. For exposition purposes, the cv-unqualified version of its type is denoted as __zip_fn.

All instances of __zip_fn are equal. The effects of invoking different instances of type __zip_fn on the same arguments are equivalent, regardless of whether the expression denoting the instance is an lvalue or rvalue, and is const-qualified or not (however, a volatile-qualified instance is not required to be invocable). Thus, views::zip can be copied freely and its copies can be used interchangeably.

Given a set of types Args..., if std::declval<Args>()... meet the requirements for arguments to views::zip above, __zip_fn models

Otherwise, no function call operator of __zip_fn participates in overload resolution.

Data members

Typical implementations of zip_view hold only one non-static data member: a std::tuple<Views...> holding all adapted view objects.

For the purpose of exposition, the view objects in that std::tuple are shown as vs_... here.

Member functions

constructs a zip_view
(public member function)
(C++23)
returns an iterator to the beginning
(public member function)
(C++23)
returns an iterator or a sentinel to the end
(public member function)
(C++23)
returns the number of elements. Provided only if each underlying (adapted) range satisfies sized_range.
(public member function)
Inherited from std::ranges::view_interface
(C++20)
returns whether the derived view is empty. Provided if it satisfies sized_range or forward_range.
(public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
(C++23)
returns a constant iterator to the beginning of the range.
(public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
(C++23)
returns a sentinel for the constant iterator of the range.
(public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
returns whether the derived view is not empty. Provided if ranges::empty is applicable to it.
(public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
(C++20)
returns the first element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies forward_range.
(public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
(C++20)
returns the last element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies bidirectional_range and common_range.
(public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
returns the nth element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies random_access_range.
(public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)

Deduction guides

Nested classes

(C++23)
the iterator type
(exposition-only member class template*)
(C++23)
the sentinel type used when zip_view is not a common_range
(exposition-only member class template*)

Helper templates

template< class... Views >

inline constexpr bool enable_borrowed_range<ranges::zip_view<Views...>> =

    (ranges::enable_borrowed_range<Views> && ...);
(since C++23)

This specialization of ranges::enable_borrowed_range makes zip_view satisfy borrowed_range when each underlying view satisfies it.

Notes

Feature-test macro Value Std Comment
__cpp_lib_ranges_zip 202110L (C++23)

std::ranges::zip_view,
std::ranges::zip_transform_view,
std::ranges::adjacent_view,
std::ranges::adjacent_transform_view

Example

Can be checked online on Compiler Explorer site.

#include <list>
#include <array>
#include <tuple>
#include <ranges>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
 
void print(auto const rem, auto const& range)
{
   for (std::cout << rem; auto const& elem : range)
       std::cout << elem << ' ';
   std::cout << '\n';
}
 
int main()
{
    auto x = std::vector{1, 2, 3, 4};
    auto y = std::list<std::string>{"α", "β", "γ", "δ", "ε"};
    auto z = std::array{'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
 
    print("Source views:", "");
    print("x: ", x);
    print("y: ", y);
    print("z: ", z);
 
    print("\nzip(x,y,z):", "");
 
    for (std::tuple<int&, std::string&, char&> elem : std::views::zip(x, y, z))
    {
        std::cout << std::get<0>(elem) << ' '
                  << std::get<1>(elem) << ' '
                  << std::get<2>(elem) << '\n';
 
        std::get<char&>(elem) += ('a' - 'A'); // modifies the element of z
    }
 
    print("\nAfter modification, z: ", z);
}

Output:

Source views:
x: 1 2 3 4
y: α β γ δ ε
z: A B C D E F
 
zip(x,y,z):
1 α A
2 β B
3 γ C
4 δ D
 
After modification, z: a b c d E F

See also

a view consisting of tuples of results of application of a transformation function to corresponding elements of the adapted views
(class template) (customization point object)
takes a view consisting of tuple-like values and a number N and produces a view of N'th element of each tuple
(class template) (range adaptor object)